Accounting

Definition: Responsibility accounting is an accounting system that controls cost and revenue. By delegating responsibility to individuals or groups and apportionment of responsibility centres. It aims to achieve minimum variance between actual and planned goals. Responsibility Accounting focuses on monitoring and controlling costs through personal responsibility within the … [Read more...] about Responsibility Accounting

Definition: The integrated accounts are statements in which financial and cost accounting transactions are maintained jointly. In other words, when the cost and financial accounts are merged and recorded in the same set of books, it is referred to as Integrated Accounts. Integrated accounts accommodate complete information about both areas. The transactions are recorded … [Read more...] about Integrated Accounts

Definition: Batch costing is an extension of Job costing in which costs and profit are calculated for batches. The production in batches decreases the setting up costs. However, it increases the carrying and holding costs. The production must be carried out by calculating the Economic Batch Quantity (EBQ). Preparation of Batch cost sheet facilitates calculation of cost per … [Read more...] about Batch Costing

Definition: Financial Statement Analysis is an analysis that assesses the financial wellbeing of the firm, its strengths and areas of concern. It determines relations among various items in the statements. It aims to scrutinize, interpret, compare and depict useful relationships among financial statements (Balance Sheet/ Income Statement) within and across the … [Read more...] about Financial Statement Analysis

Definition: Departmental accounting is an accounting system used by organizations to manage the accounts of their various departments in separate books, i.e., for every department separate trial balance and profit and loss account is prepared, and at the end of the year balances of each department gets transferred to general profit and loss account, prepared to find out the … [Read more...] about Departmental Accounting

Definition: Sunk cost is the cost that has already been aroused in the past and cannot be recovered at any cost. Thus it is also known as historical cost. It is the written down value of the plant after reducing the reclaim value of the plant. However, this cost is not relevant for making the decisions as it has already been incurred and cannot be refrained by taking decisions … [Read more...] about Sunk Cost

Definition: Inventory valuation or stock valuation is the method of identifying the actual value of the inventories at the end of the year.  The foremost step of valuation is to ascertain the physical inventories of the company, i.e., raw material, work in progress goods, and finished goods. The main objective behind the valuation of inventory is to determine the true income … [Read more...] about Inventory Valuation

Definition: Trial Balance is a statement that assembles the balances of all ledger accounts in a definite format. It records both debit balance as well as credit balances from the ledger accounts, including cash and bank balances on a stated date. It is inclined with the purpose of testing the analytical or arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts of a business. Content: … [Read more...] about Trial Balance

Definition: Balance Sheet is the final statement of the financial report prepared after trading and profit/loss account of a company. It shows the company's exact financial position at the end of the financial year after evaluating the true and fair value of all the assets and liabilities of a business. In short, it is the basic statement of the company that examines the … [Read more...] about Balance Sheet

Definition: Hire Purchase System is a system in which the hirer (hire purchaser) buys a good from the seller (hire vendor) but does not make a full payment at one time. However, makes a lumpsum amount as a down payment and the remaining amount will be paid in installments by the hirer. It is somehow like an installment system but, the major difference in installment system and … [Read more...] about Hire Purchase System