Definition: Non- profit organizations are established to provide aid to society. They are entrenched to develop charity, commerce, religion, or any other fruitful objects. Their main objective is to provide services without the intention of earning profits in return, like trading organizations. Content: Non-profit organization Types of accounts Formats Features of … [Read more...] about Non-profit organization
Accounting
Ledger
Definition: A ledger is an organized book of all the transactions that occurred in the business related to income, expenses, assets, liabilities. The entries in the ledger are posted from the journal entries passed; thus posting in the ledger is treated as the second step of preparing the financial books of accounts. Content: Ledger Classification of the Ledger Types … [Read more...] about Ledger
Joint Cost
Definition: The joint cost refers to that cost which is incurred before the split-off point on the production or manufacturing of multiple products, by consuming the same inputs or factors of production (i.e., raw material and manufacturing process). This type of cost accounting is usually common in primary industries. Split-off Point: The production stage at which all the … [Read more...] about Joint Cost
Service Costing
Definition: The term service costing or operating costing refers to the computation of the total operational cost incurred on each unit of the intangible product. These intangible products or services can be either in the form of internal services that are carried out by industries as supporting activities for the manufacturing of goods. Or in the way of external services that … [Read more...] about Service Costing
Cost Sheet
Definition: A cost sheet is a statement which represents the various costs incurred at different stages of business operations, in a tabular format. It determines the total cost or expenditure made by the organization, along with the cost incurred on each unit of a product or service in a particular period. The cost sheet of a business organization provides an insight into … [Read more...] about Cost Sheet
Cash Book
Definition: A cash book is that unique book of accounts which fulfils the objective of both, a journal and a ledger. Like a journal, it is the first book which records all the cash transactions of the business. It also acts as a subsidiary book to post all the cash transactions, similar to a cash account in the ledger. It can be broken down into two words, i.e., 'cash' and … [Read more...] about Cash Book
Journal Entries
Definition: Journal refers to a 'book' or 'diary' and entry means noting down of something. On combining these two words, we get 'journal entry'. It can be explained as a book meant for the original recording of the day to day business transactions or activities in a systematic order. The formal step by step entry of these business activities in a journal is termed as … [Read more...] about Journal Entries
Kaizen Costing
Definition: Kaizen costing is a technique of controlling the cost incurred over unproductive activities and resources which does not add any value to the organization. In simple words, it is a practical approach to solving cost-related problems to improve the overall efficiency of the organization. Kaizen costing is implemented in business organizations to manage different … [Read more...] about Kaizen Costing
Depreciation Methods
Definition: Depreciation is the partial reduction of the value of fixed (tangible) assets used to carry out business operations, resulting out of its limited life span. It is set off against the revenue generated by such consumption each year. Every asset which is of a fixed nature tends to face obsoletion and physical deterioration due to its regular use. These assets include … [Read more...] about Depreciation Methods
Profitability Ratios
Definition: Profitability ratios are the financial measures to analyze the earning capacity and determine the financial soundness of the organization by comparing the earnings with different expenditures, and ensure the optimum utilization of the various resources. Analyzing the financial position of an organization using the profitability ratios, are essential for all the … [Read more...] about Profitability Ratios